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[Text version]
This RFC is obsoleted by: RFC 3411
Network Working Group
Request for Comments: 2571
Obsoletes: 2271
Category: Standards TrackD. Harrington
Cabletron Systems, Inc.
R. Presuhn
BMC Software, Inc.
B. Wijnen
IBM T. J. Watson Research
April 1999
- Status of this Memo
- This document specifies an Internet standards track protocol for the Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions for improvements. Please refer to the current edition of the "Internet Official Protocol Standards" (STD 1) for the standardization state and status of this protocol. Distribution of this memo is unlimited.
- Copyright Notice
- Copyright © The Internet Society (1999). All Rights Reserved.
- Abstract
- This document describes an architecture for describing SNMP Management Frameworks. The architecture is designed to be modular to allow the evolution of the SNMP protocol standards over time. The major portions of the architecture are an SNMP engine containing a Message Processing Subsystem, a Security Subsystem and an Access Control Subsystem, and possibly multiple SNMP applications which provide specific functional processing of management data.
- Table of Contents
- 1. Introduction
- 1.1. Overview
- This document defines a vocabulary for describing SNMP Management Frameworks, and an architecture for describing the major portions of SNMP Management Frameworks.
This document does not provide a general introduction to SNMP. Other documents and books can provide a much better introduction to SNMP. Nor does this document provide a history of SNMP. That also can be found in books and other documents.
Section 1 describes the purpose, goals, and design decisions of this architecture.
Section 2 describes various types of documents which define (elements of) SNMP Frameworks, and how they fit into this architecture. It also provides a minimal road map to the documents which have previously defined SNMP frameworks.
Section 3 details the vocabulary of this architecture and its pieces. This section is important for understanding the remaining sections, and for understanding documents which are written to fit within this architecture.
Section 4 describes the primitives used for the abstract service interfaces between the various subsystems, models and applications within this architecture.
Section 5 defines a collection of managed objects used to instrument SNMP entities within this architecture.
Sections 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11 are administrative in nature.
Appendix A contains guidelines for designers of Models which are expected to fit within this architecture.
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC2119].
- 1.2. SNMP
- An SNMP management system contains:
- several (potentially many) nodes, each with an SNMP entity containing command responder and notification originatorapplications, which have access to management instrumentation (traditionally called agents);- at least one SNMP entity containing command generator and/or notification receiver applications (traditionally called a manager) and,- a management protocol, used to convey management information between the SNMP entities.SNMP entities executing command generator and notification receiver applications monitor and control managed elements. Managed elements are devices such as hosts, routers, terminal servers, etc., which are monitored and controlled via access to their management information.
It is the purpose of this document to define an architecture which can evolve to realize effective management in a variety of configurations and environments. The architecture has been designed to meet the needs of implementations of:
- minimal SNMP entities with command responder and/or notification originator applications (traditionally called SNMP agents),- SNMP entities with proxy forwarder applications (traditionally called SNMP proxy agents),- command line driven SNMP entities with command generator and/or notification receiver applications (traditionally called SNMP command line managers),- SNMP entities with command generator and/or notification receiver, plus command responder and/or notification originator applications (traditionally called SNMP mid-level managers or dual-role entities),- SNMP entities with command generator and/or notification receiver and possibly other types of applications for managing a potentially very large number of managed nodes (traditionally called (network) management stations).- 1.3. Goals of this Architecture
- This architecture was driven by the following goals:
- Use existing materials as much as possible. It is heavily based on previous work, informally known as SNMPv2u and SNMPv2*, based in turn on SNMPv2p.- Address the need for secure SET support, which is considered the most important deficiency in SNMPv1 and SNMPv2c.- Make it possible to move portions of the architecture forward in the standards track, even if consensus has not been reached on all pieces.- Define an architecture that allows for longevity of the SNMP Frameworks that have been and will be defined.- Make it relatively inexpensive to deploy a minimal conforming implementation.- Make it possible to upgrade portions of SNMP as new approaches become available, without disrupting an entire SNMP framework.- Make it possible to support features required in large networks, but make the expense of supporting a feature directly related to the support of the feature.- 1.4. Security Requirements of this Architecture
- Several of the classical threats to network protocols are applicable to the management problem and therefore would be applicable to any Security Model used in an SNMP Management Framework. Other threats are not applicable to the management problem. This section discusses principal threats, secondary threats, and threats which are of lesser importance.
The principal threats against which any Security Model used within this architecture SHOULD provide protection are:
Modification of Information The modification threat is the danger that some unauthorized entity may alter in-transit SNMP messages generated on behalf of an authorized principal in such a way as to effect unauthorized management operations, including falsifying the value of an object.- Secondary threats against which any Security Model used within this architecture SHOULD provide protection are:
Masquerade The masquerade threat is the danger that management operations not authorized for some principal may be attempted by assuming the identity of another principal that has the appropriate authorizations.Message Stream Modification The SNMP protocol is typically based upon a connectionless transport service which may operate over any subnetwork service. The re-ordering, delay or replay of messages can and does occur through the natural operation of many such subnetwork services. The message stream modification threat is the danger that messages may be maliciously re-ordered, delayed or replayed to an extent which is greater than can occur through the natural operation of a subnetwork service, in order to effect unauthorized management operations.Disclosure The disclosure threat is the danger of eavesdropping on the exchanges between SNMP engines. Protecting against this threat may be required as a matter of local policy.There are at least two threats against which a Security Model within this architecture need not protect, since they are deemed to be of lesser importance in this context:
Denial of Service A Security Model need not attempt to address the broad range of attacks by which service on behalf of authorized users is denied. Indeed, such denial-of-service attacks are in many cases indistinguishable from the type of network failures with which any viable management protocol must cope as a matter of course.Traffic Analysis A Security Model need not attempt to address traffic analysis attacks. Many traffic patterns are predictable - entities may be managed on a regular basis by a relatively small number of management stations - and therefore there is no significant advantage afforded by protecting against traffic analysis.- 1.5. Design Decisions
- Various design decisions were made in support of the goals of the architecture and the security requirements:
- Architecture An architecture should be defined which identifies the conceptual boundaries between the documents. Subsystems should be defined which describe the abstract services provided by specific portions of an SNMP framework. Abstract serviceinterfaces, as described by service primitives, define the abstract boundaries between documents, and the abstract services that are provided by the conceptual subsystems of an SNMP framework.- Self-contained Documents Elements of procedure plus the MIB objects which are needed for processing for a specific portion of an SNMP framework should be defined in the same document, and as much as possible, should not be referenced in other documents. This allows pieces to be designed and documented as independent and self-contained parts, which is consistent with the general SNMP MIB module approach. As portions of SNMP change over time, the documents describing other portions of SNMP are not directly impacted. This modularity allows, for example, Security Models, authentication and privacy mechanisms, and message formats to be upgraded and supplemented as the need arises. The self- contained documents can move along the standards track on different time-lines.This modularity of specification is not meant to be interpreted as imposing any specific requirements on implementation.- Threats The Security Models in the Security Subsystem SHOULD protect against the principal and secondary threats: modification of information, masquerade, message stream modification and disclosure. They do not need to protect against denial of service and traffic analysis.- Remote Configuration The Security and Access Control Subsystems add a whole new set of SNMP configuration parameters. The Security Subsystem also requires frequent changes of secrets at the various SNMP entities. To make this deployable in a large operational environment, these SNMP parameters must be remotely configurable.- Controlled Complexity It is recognized that producers of simple managed devices want to keep the resources used by SNMP to a minimum. At the same time, there is a need for more complex configurations which can spend more resources for SNMP and thus provide more functionality. The design tries to keep the competing requirements of these two environments in balance and allows the more complex environments to logically extend the simple environment.- 2. Documentation Overview
- Those marked with an asterisk (*) are expected to be written in the future. Each of these documents may be replaced or supplemented. This Architecture document specifically describes how new documents fit into the set of documents in the area of Message and PDU handling.
The following figure shows the set of documents that fit within the SNMP Architecture. +------------------------- Document Set ----------------------------+ | | | +----------+ +-----------------+ +----------------+ | | | Document | | Applicability * | | Coexistence | | | | Roadmap | | Statement | | & Transition | | | +----------+ +-----------------+ +----------------+ | | | | +---------------------------------------------------------------+ | | | Message Handling | | | | +----------------+ +-----------------+ +-----------------+ | | | | | Transport | | Message | | Security | | | | | | Mappings | | Processing and | | | | | | | | | | Dispatcher | | | | | | | +----------------+ +-----------------+ +-----------------+ | | | +---------------------------------------------------------------+ | | | | +---------------------------------------------------------------+ | | | PDU Handling | | | | +----------------+ +-----------------+ +-----------------+ | | | | | Protocol | | Applications | | Access | | | | | | Operations | | | | Control | | | | | +----------------+ +-----------------+ +-----------------+ | | | +---------------------------------------------------------------+ | | | | +---------------------------------------------------------------+ | | | Information Model | | | | +--------------+ +--------------+ +---------------+ | | | | | Structure of | | Textual | | Conformance | | | | | | Management | | Conventions | | Statements | | | | | | Information | | | | | | | | | +--------------+ +--------------+ +---------------+ | | | +---------------------------------------------------------------+ | | | | +---------------------------------------------------------------+ | | | MIB Modules written in various formats, e.g.: | | | | +-------------+ +-------------+ +----------+ +----------+ | | | | | Standard v1 | | Standard v1 | | Historic | | Draft v2 | | | | | | RFC 1157 | | RFC 1212 | | RFC 14xx | | RFC 19xx | | | | | | format | | format | | format | | format | | | | | +-------------+ +-------------+ +----------+ +----------+ | | | +---------------------------------------------------------------+ | | | +-------------------------------------------------------------------+- 2.1. Document Roadmap
- One or more documents may be written to describe how sets of documents taken together form specific Frameworks. The configuration of document sets might change over time, so the "road map" should be maintained in a document separate from the standards documents themselves.
An example of such a roadmap is "Introduction to Version 3 of the Internet-standard Network Management Framework" [RFC2570].
- 2.2. Applicability Statement
- SNMP is used in networks that vary widely in size and complexity, by organizations that vary widely in their requirements of management. Some models will be designed to address specific problems of management, such as message security.
One or more documents may be written to describe the environments to which certain versions of SNMP or models within SNMP would be appropriately applied, and those to which a given model might be inappropriately applied.
- 2.3. Coexistence and Transition
- The purpose of an evolutionary architecture is to permit new models to replace or supplement existing models. The interactions between models could result in incompatibilities, security "holes", and other undesirable effects.
The purpose of Coexistence documents is to detail recognized anomalies and to describe required and recommended behaviors for resolving the interactions between models within the architecture.
Coexistence documents may be prepared separately from model definition documents, to describe and resolve interaction anomalies between a model definition and one or more other model definitions.
Additionally, recommendations for transitions between models may also be described, either in a coexistence document or in a separate document. One such coexistance document is [SNMP-COEX], "Coexistence between Version 1, Version 2, and Version 3 of the Internet-standard Network Management Framework".
- 2.4. Transport Mappings
- SNMP messages are sent over various transports. It is the purpose of Transport Mapping documents to define how the mapping between SNMP and the transport is done.
- 2.5. Message Processing
- A Message Processing Model document defines a message format, which is typically identified by a version field in an SNMP message header. The document may also define a MIB module for use in message processing and for instrumentation of version-specific interactions.
An SNMP engine includes one or more Message Processing Models, and thus may support sending and receiving multiple versions of SNMP messages.
- 2.6. Security
- Some environments require secure protocol interactions. Security is normally applied at two different stages:
For purposes of this document, "security" refers to message-level security; "access control" refers to the security applied to protocol operations.
Authentication, encryption, and timeliness checking are common functions of message level security.
A security document describes a Security Model, the threats against which the model protects, the goals of the Security Model, the protocols which it uses to meet those goals, and it may define a MIB module to describe the data used during processing, and to allow the remote configuration of message-level security parameters, such as keys.
An SNMP engine may support multiple Security Models concurrently.
- 2.7. Access Control
- During processing, it may be required to control access to managed objects for operations.
An Access Control Model defines mechanisms to determine whether access to a managed object should be allowed. An Access Control Model may define a MIB module used during processing and to allow the remote configuration of access control policies.
- 2.8. Protocol Operations
- SNMP messages encapsulate an SNMP Protocol Data Unit (PDU). SNMP PDUs define the operations performed by the receiving SNMP engine. It is the purpose of a Protocol Operations document to define the operations of the protocol with respect to the processing of the PDUs. Every PDU belongs to one or more of the PDU classes defined below:
The Read Class contains protocol operations that retrieve management information. For example, RFC 1905 defines the following protocol operations for the Read Class: GetRequest- PDU, GetNextRequest-PDU, and GetBulkRequest-PDU.The Write Class contains protocol operations which attempt to modify management information. For example, RFC 1905 defines the following protocol operation for the Write Class: SetRequest-PDU.The Response Class contains protocol operations which are sent in response to a previous request. For example, RFC 1905 defines the following for the Response Class: Response-PDU, Report-PDU.The Notification Class contains protocol operations which send a notification to a notification receiver application. For example, RFC 1905 defines the following operations for the Notification Class: Trapv2-PDU, InformRequest-PDU.The Internal Class contains protocol operations which are exchanged internally between SNMP engines. For example, RFC 1905 defines the following operations for the Internal Class: Report-PDU.The preceding five classifications are based on the functional properties of a PDU. It is also useful to classify PDUs based on whether a response is expected:
The Confirmed Class contains all protocol operations which cause the receiving SNMP engine to send back a response. For example, RFC 1905 defines the following operations for the Confirmed Class: GetRequest-PDU, GetNextRequest-PDU, GetBulkRequest-PDU, SetRequest-PDU, and InformRequest-PDU.The Unconfirmed Class contains all protocol operations which are not acknowledged. For example, RFC 1905 defines the following operations for the Unconfirmed Class: Report-PDU, Trapv2-PDU, and GetResponse-PDU.An application document defines which Protocol Operations are supported by the application.
- 2.9. Applications
- An SNMP entity normally includes a number of applications. Applications use the services of an SNMP engine to accomplish specific tasks. They coordinate the processing of management information operations, and may use SNMP messages to communicate with other SNMP entities.
Applications documents describe the purpose of an application, the services required of the associated SNMP engine, and the protocol operations and informational model that the application uses to perform management operations.
An application document defines which set of documents are used to specifically define the structure of management information, textual conventions, conformance requirements, and operations supported by the application.
- 2.10. Structure of Management Information
- Management information is viewed as a collection of managed objects, residing in a virtual information store, termed the Management Information Base (MIB). Collections of related objects are defined in MIB modules.
It is the purpose of a Structure of Management Information document to establish the notation for defining objects, modules, and other elements of managed information.
- 2.11. Textual Conventions
- When designing a MIB module, it is often useful to define new types similar to those defined in the SMI, but with more precise semantics, or which have special semantics associated with them. These newly defined types are termed textual conventions, and may be defined in separate documents, or within a MIB module.
- 2.12. Conformance Statements
- It may be useful to define the acceptable lower-bounds of implementation, along with the actual level of implementation achieved. It is the purpose of the Conformance Statements document to define the notation used for these purposes.
- 2.13. Management Information Base Modules
- MIB documents describe collections of managed objects which instrument some aspect of a managed node.
- 2.13.1. SNMP Instrumentation MIBs
- An SNMP MIB document may define a collection of managed objects which instrument the SNMP protocol itself. In addition, MIB modules may be defined within the documents which describe portions of the SNMP architecture, such as the documents for Message processing Models, Security Models, etc. for the purpose of instrumenting those Models, and for the purpose of allowing remote configuration of the Model.
- 2.14. SNMP Framework Documents
- This architecture is designed to allow an orderly evolution of portions of SNMP Frameworks.
Throughout the rest of this document, the term "subsystem" refers to an abstract and incomplete specification of a portion of a Framework, that is further refined by a model specification. A "model" describes a specific design of a subsystem, defining additional constraints and rules for conformance to the model. A model is sufficiently detailed to make it possible to implement the specification.
An "implementation" is an instantiation of a subsystem, conforming to one or more specific models.
SNMP version 1 (SNMPv1), is the original Internet-standard Network Management Framework, as described in RFCs 1155, 1157, and 1212.
SNMP version 2 (SNMPv2), is the SNMPv2 Framework as derived from the SNMPv1 Framework. It is described in STD 58, RFCs 2578, 2579, 2580, and RFCs 1905-1907. SNMPv2 has no message definition.
The Community-based SNMP version 2 (SNMPv2c), is an experimental SNMP Framework which supplements the SNMPv2 Framework, as described in RFC 1901. It adds the SNMPv2c message format, which is similar to the SNMPv1 message format.
SNMP version 3 (SNMPv3), is an extensible SNMP Framework which supplements the SNMPv2 Framework, by supporting the following:
Other SNMP Frameworks, i.e., other configurations of implemented subsystems, are expected to also be consistent with this architecture.
- 3. Elements of the Architecture
- This section describes the various elements of the architecture and how they are named. There are three kinds of naming:
- This architecture also defines some names for other constructs that are used in the documentation.
3) the naming of management information.- 3.1. The Naming of Entities
- An SNMP entity is an implementation of this architecture. Each such SNMP entity consists of an SNMP engine and one or more associated applications.
The following figure shows details about an SNMP entity and the components within it.
- 3.1.1. SNMP engine
- An SNMP engine provides services for sending and receiving messages, authenticating and encrypting messages, and controlling access to managed objects. There is a one-to-one association between an SNMP engine and the SNMP entity which contains it.
The engine contains:
- 3.1.1.1. snmpEngineID
- Within an administrative domain, an snmpEngineID is the unique and unambiguous identifier of an SNMP engine. Since there is a one-to-one association between SNMP engines and SNMP entities, it also uniquely and unambiguously identifies the SNMP entity within that administrative domain. Note that it is possible for SNMP entities in different administrative domains to have the same value for snmpEngineID. Federation of administrative domains may necessitate assignment of new values.
- 3.1.1.2. Dispatcher
- There is only one Dispatcher in an SNMP engine. It allows for concurrent support of multiple versions of SNMP messages in the SNMP engine. It does so by:
- determining the version of an SNMP message and interacting with the corresponding Message Processing Model,- providing an abstract interface to SNMP applications for delivery of a PDU to an application.- providing an abstract interface for SNMP applications that allows them to send a PDU to a remote SNMP entity.- 3.1.1.3. Message Processing Subsystem
- The Message Processing Subsystem is responsible for preparing messages for sending, and extracting data from received messages.
The Message Processing Subsystem potentially contains multiple Message Processing Models as shown in the next figure.
* One or more Message Processing Models may be present.
- 3.1.1.3.1. Message Processing Model
- Each Message Processing Model defines the format of a particular version of an SNMP message and coordinates the preparation and extraction of each such version-specific message format.
- 3.1.1.4. Security Subsystem
- The Security Subsystem provides security services such as the authentication and privacy of messages and potentially contains multiple Security Models as shown in the following figure
* One or more Security Models may be present.- 3.1.1.4.1. Security Model
- A Security Model specifies the threats against which it protects, the goals of its services, and the security protocols used to provide security services such as authentication and privacy.
- 3.1.1.4.2. Security Protocol
- A Security Protocol specifies the mechanisms, procedures, and MIB objects used to provide a security service such as authentication or privacy.
- 3.1.2. Access Control Subsystem
- The Access Control Subsystem provides authorization services by means of one or more (*) Access Control Models.
- 3.1.2.1. Access Control Model
- An Access Control Model defines a particular access decision function in order to support decisions regarding access rights.
- 3.1.3. Applications
- There are several types of applications, including:
- command generators, which monitor and manipulate management data,- notification receivers, which process asynchronous messages, andThese applications make use of the services provided by the SNMP engine.
- 3.1.3.1. SNMP Manager
- An SNMP entity containing one or more command generator and/or notification receiver applications (along with their associated SNMP engine) has traditionally been called an SNMP manager.
* One or more models may be present.(traditional SNMP manager) +-------------------------------------------------------------------+ | +--------------+ +--------------+ +--------------+ SNMP entity | | | NOTIFICATION | | NOTIFICATION | | COMMAND | | | | ORIGINATOR | | RECEIVER | | GENERATOR | | | | applications | | applications | | applications | | | +--------------+ +--------------+ +--------------+ | | ^ ^ ^ | | | | | | | v v v | | +-------+--------+-----------------+ | | ^ | | | +---------------------+ +----------------+ | | | | Message Processing | | Security | | | Dispatcher v | Subsystem | | Subsystem | | | +-------------------+ | +------------+ | | | | | | PDU Dispatcher | | +->| v1MP * |<--->| +------------+ | | | | | | | +------------+ | | | Other | | | | | | | | +------------+ | | | Security | | | | | | | +->| v2cMP * |<--->| | Model | | | | | Message | | | +------------+ | | +------------+ | | | | Dispatcher <--------->+ | | | | | | | | | +------------+ | | +------------+ | | | | | | +->| v3MP * |<--->| | User-based | | | | | Transport | | | +------------+ | | | Security | | | | | Mapping | | | +------------+ | | | Model | | | | | (e.g RFC1906) | | +->| otherMP * |<--->| +------------+ | | | +-------------------+ | +------------+ | | | | | ^ +---------------------+ +----------------+ | | | | | v | +-------------------------------------------------------------------+ +-----+ +-----+ +-------+ | UDP | | IPX | . . . | other | +-----+ +-----+ +-------+ ^ ^ ^ | | | v v v +------------------------------+ | Network | +------------------------------+- 3.1.3.2. SNMP Agent
An SNMP entity containing one or more command responder and/or notification originator applications (along with their associated SNMP engine) has traditionally been called an SNMP agent. +------------------------------+ | Network | +------------------------------+ ^ ^ ^ | | | v v v +-----+ +-----+ +-------+ | UDP | | IPX | . . . | other | +-----+ +-----+ +-------+ (traditional SNMP agent) +-------------------------------------------------------------------+ | ^ | | | +---------------------+ +----------------+ | | | | Message Processing | | Security | | | Dispatcher v | Subsystem | | Subsystem | | | +-------------------+ | +------------+ | | | | | | Transport | | +->| v1MP * |<--->| +------------+ | | | | Mapping | | | +------------+ | | | Other | | | | | (e.g. RFC1906) | | | +------------+ | | | Security | | | | | | | +->| v2cMP * |<--->| | Model | | | | | Message | | | +------------+ | | +------------+ | | | | Dispatcher <--------->| +------------+ | | +------------+ | | | | | | +->| v3MP * |<--->| | User-based | | | | | | | | +------------+ | | | Security | | | | | PDU Dispatcher | | | +------------+ | | | Model | | | | +-------------------+ | +->| otherMP * |<--->| +------------+ | | | ^ | +------------+ | | | | | | +---------------------+ +----------------+ | | v | | +-------+-------------------------+---------------+ | | ^ ^ ^ | | | | | | | v v v | | +-------------+ +---------+ +--------------+ +-------------+ | | | COMMAND | | ACCESS | | NOTIFICATION | | PROXY * | | | | RESPONDER |<->| CONTROL |<->| ORIGINATOR | | FORWARDER | | | | application | | | | applications | | application | | | +-------------+ +---------+ +--------------+ +-------------+ | | ^ ^ | | | | | | v v | | +----------------------------------------------+ | | | MIB instrumentation | SNMP entity | +-------------------------------------------------------------------+- 3.2. The Naming of Identities
principal ^ | | +----------------------------|-------------+ | SNMP engine v | | +--------------+ | | | | | | +-----------------| securityName |---+ | | | Security Model | | | | | | +--------------+ | | | | ^ | | | | | | | | | v | | | | +------------------------------+ | | | | | | | | | | | Model | | | | | | Dependent | | | | | | Security ID | | | | | | | | | | | +------------------------------+ | | | | ^ | | | | | | | | +-------------------------|----------+ | | | | | | | +----------------------------|-------------+ | v network- 3.2.1. Principal
- A principal is the "who" on whose behalf services are provided or processing takes place.
A principal can be, among other things, an individual acting in a particular role; a set of individuals, with each acting in a particular role; an application or a set of applications; and combinations thereof.
- 3.2.2. securityName
- A securityName is a human readable string representing a principal. It has a model-independent format, and can be used outside a particular Security Model.
- 3.2.3. Model-dependent security ID
- A model-dependent security ID is the model-specific representation of a securityName within a particular Security Model.
Model-dependent security IDs may or may not be human readable, and have a model-dependent syntax. Examples include community names, and user names.
The transformation of model-dependent security IDs into securityNames and vice versa is the responsibility of the relevant Security Model.
- 3.3. The Naming of Management Information
- Management information resides at an SNMP entity where a Command Responder Application has local access to potentially multiple contexts. This application uses a contextEngineID equal to the snmpEngineID of its associated SNMP engine.
- 3.3.1. An SNMP Context
- An SNMP context, or just "context" for short, is a collection of management information accessible by an SNMP entity. An item of management information may exist in more than one context. An SNMP entity potentially has access to many contexts.
Typically, there are many instances of each managed object type within a management domain. For simplicity, the method for identifying instances specified by the MIB module does not allow each instance to be distinguished amongst the set of all instances within a management domain; rather, it allows each instance to be identified only within some scope or "context", where there are multiple such contexts within the management domain. Often, a context is a physical device, or perhaps, a logical device, although a context can also encompass multiple devices, or a subset of a single device, or even a subset of multiple devices, but a context is always defined as a subset of a single SNMP entity. Thus, in order to identify an individual item of management information within the management domain, its contextName and contextEngineID must be identified in addition to its object type and its instance.
For example, the managed object type ifDescr [RFC2233], is defined as the description of a network interface. To identify the description of device-X's first network interface, four pieces of information are needed: the snmpEngineID of the SNMP entity which provides access to the management information at device-X, the contextName (device-X), the managed object type (ifDescr), and the instance ("1").
Each context has (at least) one unique identification within the management domain. The same item of management information can exist in multiple contexts. An item of management information may have multiple unique identifications. This occurs when an item of management information exists in multiple contexts, and this also occurs when a context has multiple unique identifications.
- The combination of a contextEngineID and a contextName unambiguously identifies a context within an administrative domain; note that there may be multiple unique combinations of contextEngineID and contextName that unambiguously identify the same context.
- 3.3.2. contextEngineID
- Within an administrative domain, a contextEngineID uniquely identifies an SNMP entity that may realize an instance of a context with a particular contextName.
- 3.3.3. contextName
- A contextName is used to name a context. Each contextName MUST be unique within an SNMP entity.
- 3.3.4. scopedPDU
- A scopedPDU is a block of data containing a contextEngineID, a contextName, and a PDU.
The PDU is an SNMP Protocol Data Unit containing information named in the context which is unambiguously identified within an administrative domain by the combination of the contextEngineID and the contextName. See, for example, RFC1905 for more information about SNMP PDUs.
- 3.4. Other Constructs
- 3.4.1. maxSizeResponseScopedPDU
- The maxSizeResponseScopedPDU is the maximum size of a scopedPDU that a PDU's sender would be willing to accept. Note that the size of a scopedPDU does not include the size of the SNMP message header.
- 3.4.2. Local Configuration Datastore
- The subsystems, models, and applications within an SNMP entity may need to retain their own sets of configuration information.
Portions of the configuration information may be accessible as managed objects.
The collection of these sets of information is referred to as an entity's Local Configuration Datastore (LCD).
- 3.4.3. securityLevel
- This architecture recognizes three levels of security:
These three values are ordered such that noAuthNoPriv is less than authNoPriv and authNoPriv is less than authPriv. Every message has an associated securityLevel. All Subsystems (Message Processing, Security, Access Control) and applications are REQUIRED to either supply a value of securityLevel or to abide by the supplied value of securityLevel while processing the message and its contents.
- 4. Abstract Service Interfaces
- Abstract service interfaces have been defined to describe the conceptual interfaces between the various subsystems within an SNMP entity. The abstract service interfaces are intended to help clarify the externally observable behavior of SNMP entities, and are not intended to constrain the structure or organization of implementations in any way. Most specifically, they should not be interpreted as APIs or as requirements statements for APIs.
These abstract service interfaces are defined by a set of primitives that define the services provided and the abstract data elements that are to be passed when the services are invoked. This section lists the primitives that have been defined for the various subsystems.
- 4.1. Dispatcher Primitives
- The Dispatcher typically provides services to the SNMP applications via its PDU Dispatcher. This section describes the primitives provided by the PDU Dispatcher.
- 4.1.1. Generate Outgoing Request or Notification
- The PDU Dispatcher provides the following primitive for an application to send an SNMP Request or Notification to another SNMP entity:
statusInformation = -- sendPduHandle if success -- errorIndication if failure sendPdu( IN transportDomain -- transport domain to be used IN transportAddress -- transport address to be used IN messageProcessingModel -- typically, SNMP version IN securityModel -- Security Model to use IN securityName -- on behalf of this principal IN securityLevel -- Level of Security requested IN contextEngineID -- data from/at this entity IN contextName -- data from/in this context IN pduVersion -- the version of the PDU IN PDU -- SNMP Protocol Data Unit IN expectResponse -- TRUE or FALSE )- 4.1.2. Process Incoming Request or Notification PDU
- The PDU Dispatcher provides the following primitive to pass an incoming SNMP PDU to an application:
processPdu( -- process Request/Notification PDU IN messageProcessingModel -- typically, SNMP version IN securityModel -- Security Model in use IN securityName -- on behalf of this principal IN securityLevel -- Level of Security IN contextEngineID -- data from/at this SNMP entity IN contextName -- data from/in this context IN pduVersion -- the version of the PDU IN PDU -- SNMP Protocol Data Unit IN maxSizeResponseScopedPDU -- maximum size of the Response PDU IN stateReference -- reference to state information ) -- needed when sending a response- 4.1.3. Generate Outgoing Response
- The PDU Dispatcher provides the following primitive for an application to return an SNMP Response PDU to the PDU Dispatcher:
result = -- SUCCESS or FAILURE returnResponsePdu( IN messageProcessingModel -- typically, SNMP version IN securityModel -- Security Model in use IN securityName -- on behalf of this principal IN securityLevel -- same as on incoming request IN contextEngineID -- data from/at this SNMP entity IN contextName -- data from/in this context IN pduVersion -- the version of the PDU IN PDU -- SNMP Protocol Data Unit IN maxSizeResponseScopedPDU -- maximum size sender can accept IN stateReference -- reference to state information -- as presented with the request IN statusInformation -- success or errorIndication ) -- error counter OID/value if error- 4.1.4. Process Incoming Response PDU
- The PDU Dispatcher provides the following primitive to pass an incoming SNMP Response PDU to an application:
processResponsePdu( -- process Response PDU IN messageProcessingModel -- typically, SNMP version IN securityModel -- Security Model in use IN securityName -- on behalf of this principal IN securityLevel -- Level of Security IN contextEngineID -- data from/at this SNMP entity IN contextName -- data from/in this context IN pduVersion -- the version of the PDU IN PDU -- SNMP Protocol Data Unit IN statusInformation -- success or errorIndication IN sendPduHandle -- handle from sendPdu )- 4.1.5. Registering Responsibility for Handling SNMP PDUs
- Applications can register/unregister responsibility for a specific contextEngineID, for specific pduTypes, with the PDU Dispatcher according to the following primitives. The list of particular pduTypes that an application can register for is determined by the Message Processing Model(s) supported by the SNMP entity that contains the PDU Dispatcher.
statusInformation = -- success or errorIndication registerContextEngineID( IN contextEngineID -- take responsibility for this one IN pduType -- the pduType(s) to be registered )unregisterContextEngineID( IN contextEngineID -- give up responsibility for this one IN pduType -- the pduType(s) to be unregistered )Note that realizations of the registerContextEngineID and unregisterContextEngineID abstract service interfaces may provide implementation-specific ways for applications to register/deregister responsibility for all possible values of the contextEngineID or pduType parameters.
- 4.2. Message Processing Subsystem Primitives
- The Dispatcher interacts with a Message Processing Model to process a specific version of an SNMP Message. This section describes the primitives provided by the Message Processing Subsystem.
- 4.2.1. Prepare Outgoing SNMP Request or Notification Message
- The Message Processing Subsystem provides this service primitive for preparing an outgoing SNMP Request or Notification Message:
statusInformation = -- success or errorIndication prepareOutgoingMessage( IN transportDomain -- transport domain to be used IN transportAddress -- transport address to be used IN messageProcessingModel -- typically, SNMP version IN securityModel -- Security Model to use IN securityName -- on behalf of this principal IN securityLevel -- Level of Security requested IN contextEngineID -- data from/at this entity IN contextName -- data from/in this context IN pduVersion -- the version of the PDU IN PDU -- SNMP Protocol Data Unit IN expectResponse -- TRUE or FALSE IN sendPduHandle -- the handle for matching -- incoming responses OUT destTransportDomain -- destination transport domain OUT destTransportAddress -- destination transport address OUT outgoingMessage -- the message to send OUT outgoingMessageLength -- its length )- 4.2.2. Prepare an Outgoing SNMP Response Message
- The Message Processing Subsystem provides this service primitive for preparing an outgoing SNMP Response Message:
result = -- SUCCESS or FAILURE prepareResponseMessage( IN messageProcessingModel -- typically, SNMP version IN securityModel -- same as on incoming request IN securityName -- same as on incoming request IN securityLevel -- same as on incoming request IN contextEngineID -- data from/at this SNMP entity IN contextName -- data from/in this context IN pduVersion -- the version of the PDU IN PDU -- SNMP Protocol Data Unit IN maxSizeResponseScopedPDU -- maximum size able to accept IN stateReference -- reference to state information -- as presented with the request IN statusInformation -- success or errorIndication -- error counter OID/value if error OUT destTransportDomain -- destination transport domain OUT destTransportAddress -- destination transport addressOUT outgoingMessage -- the message to send OUT outgoingMessageLength -- its length )- 4.2.3. Prepare Data Elements from an Incoming SNMP Message
- The Message Processing Subsystem provides this service primitive for preparing the abstract data elements from an incoming SNMP message:
result = -- SUCCESS or errorIndication prepareDataElements( IN transportDomain -- origin transport domain IN transportAddress -- origin transport address IN wholeMsg -- as received from the network IN wholeMsgLength -- as received from the network OUT messageProcessingModel -- typically, SNMP version OUT securityModel -- Security Model to use OUT securityName -- on behalf of this principal OUT securityLevel -- Level of Security requested OUT contextEngineID -- data from/at this entity OUT contextName -- data from/in this context OUT pduVersion -- the version of the PDU OUT PDU -- SNMP Protocol Data Unit OUT pduType -- SNMP PDU type OUT sendPduHandle -- handle for matched request OUT maxSizeResponseScopedPDU -- maximum size sender can accept OUT statusInformation -- success or errorIndication -- error counter OID/value if error OUT stateReference -- reference to state information -- to be used for possible Response )- 4.3. Access Control Subsystem Primitives
- Applications are the typical clients of the service(s) of the Access Control Subsystem.
The following primitive is provided by the Access Control Subsystem to check if access is allowed:
statusInformation = -- success or errorIndication isAccessAllowed( IN securityModel -- Security Model in use IN securityName -- principal who wants to access IN securityLevel -- Level of Security IN viewType -- read, write, or notify view IN contextName -- context containing variableName IN variableName -- OID for the managed object )- 4.4. Security Subsystem Primitives
- The Message Processing Subsystem is the typical client of the services of the Security Subsystem.
- 4.4.1. Generate a Request or Notification Message
- The Security Subsystem provides the following primitive to generate a Request or Notification message:
statusInformation = generateRequestMsg( IN messageProcessingModel -- typically, SNMP version IN globalData -- message header, admin data IN maxMessageSize -- of the sending SNMP entity IN securityModel -- for the outgoing message IN securityEngineID -- authoritative SNMP entity IN securityName -- on behalf of this principal IN securityLevel -- Level of Security requested IN scopedPDU -- message (plaintext) payload OUT securityParameters -- filled in by Security Module OUT wholeMsg -- complete generated message OUT wholeMsgLength -- length of the generated message )- 4.4.2. Process Incoming Message
- The Security Subsystem provides the following primitive to process an incoming message:
statusInformation = -- errorIndication or success -- error counter OID/value if error processIncomingMsg( IN messageProcessingModel -- typically, SNMP version IN maxMessageSize -- of the sending SNMP entity IN securityParameters -- for the received message IN securityModel -- for the received message IN securityLevel -- Level of Security IN wholeMsg -- as received on the wire IN wholeMsgLength -- length as received on the wire OUT securityEngineID -- identification of the principal OUT securityName -- identification of the principal OUT scopedPDU, -- message (plaintext) payload OUT maxSizeResponseScopedPDU -- maximum size sender can handle OUT securityStateReference -- reference to security state ) -- information, needed for response- 4.4.3. Generate a Response Message
- The Security Subsystem provides the following primitive to generate a Response message:
statusInformation = generateResponseMsg( IN messageProcessingModel -- typically, SNMP version IN globalData -- message header, admin data IN maxMessageSize -- of the sending SNMP entity IN securityModel -- for the outgoing message IN securityEngineID -- authoritative SNMP entity IN securityName -- on behalf of this principal IN securityLevel -- for the outgoing message IN scopedPDU -- message (plaintext) payload IN securityStateReference -- reference to security state -- information from original request OUT securityParameters -- filled in by Security Module OUT wholeMsg -- complete generated message OUT wholeMsgLength -- length of the generated message )- 4.5. Common Primitives
- These primitive(s) are provided by multiple Subsystems.
- 4.5.1. Release State Reference Information
- All Subsystems which pass stateReference information also provide a primitive to release the memory that holds the referenced state information:
stateRelease( IN stateReference -- handle of reference to be released )- 4.6. Scenario Diagrams
- 4.6.1. Command Generator or Notification Originator
- This diagram shows how a Command Generator or Notification Originator application requests that a PDU be sent, and how the response is returned (asynchronously) to that application.
- 4.6.2. Scenario Diagram for a Command Responder Application
- This diagram shows how a Command Responder or Notification Receiver application registers for handling a pduType, how a PDU is dispatched to the application after a SNMP message is received, and how the Response is (asynchronously) send back to the network.
- 5. Managed Object Definitions for SNMP Management Frameworks
IMPORTS MODULE-IDENTITY, OBJECT-TYPE, OBJECT-IDENTITY, snmpModules FROM SNMPv2-SMI TEXTUAL-CONVENTION FROM SNMPv2-TC MODULE-COMPLIANCE, OBJECT-GROUP FROM SNMPv2-CONF;snmpFrameworkMIB MODULE-IDENTITY LAST-UPDATED "9901190000Z" -- 19 January 1999 ORGANIZATION "SNMPv3 Working Group" CONTACT-INFO "WG-EMail: snmpv3@tis.com Subscribe: majordomo@tis.com In message body: subscribe snmpv3Chair: Russ Mundy TIS Labs at Network Associates postal: 3060 Washington Rd Glenwood MD 21738 USA EMail: mundy@tis.com phone: +1 301-854-6889Co-editor Dave Harrington Cabletron Systems, Inc. postal: Post Office Box 5005 Mail Stop: Durham 35 Industrial Way Rochester, NH 03867-5005 USA EMail: dbh@ctron.com phone: +1 603-337-7357Co-editor Randy Presuhn BMC Software, Inc. postal: 965 Stewart Drive Sunnyvale, CA 94086 USA EMail: randy_presuhn@bmc.com phone: +1 408-616-3100Co-editor: Bert Wijnen IBM T.J. Watson Research postal: Schagen 33 3461 GL LinschotenNetherlands EMail: wijnen@vnet.ibm.com phone: +31 348-432-794 " DESCRIPTION "The SNMP Management Architecture MIB" -- Revision HistoryREVISION "9901190000Z" -- 19 January 1999 DESCRIPTION "Updated editors' addresses, fixed typos. Published as RFC2571. " REVISION "9711200000Z" -- 20 November 1997 DESCRIPTION "The initial version, published in RFC 2271. " ::= { snmpModules 10 }-- Textual Conventions used in the SNMP Management Architecture ***
SnmpEngineID ::= TEXTUAL-CONVENTION STATUS current DESCRIPTION "An SNMP engine's administratively-unique identifier. Objects of this type are for identification, not for addressing, even though it is possible that an address may have been used in the generation of a specific value.The value for this object may not be all zeros or all 'ff'H or the empty (zero length) string.The initial value for this object may be configured via an operator console entry or via an algorithmic function. In the latter case, the following example algorithm is recommended.In cases where there are multiple engines on the same system, the use of this algorithm is NOT appropriate, as it would result in all of those engines ending up with the same ID value.1) The very first bit is used to indicate how the rest of the data is composed.0 - as defined by enterprise using former methods that existed before SNMPv3. See item 2 below.1 - as defined by this architecture, see item 3 below.Note that this allows existing uses of the engineID (also known as AgentID [RFC1910]) to co-exist with any new uses.The first four octets are set to the binary equivalent of the agent's SNMP management private enterprise number as assigned by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA). For example, if Acme Networks has been assigned { enterprises 696 }, the first four octets would be assigned '000002b8'H.The remaining eight octets are determined via one or more enterprise-specific methods. Such methods must be designed so as to maximize the possibility that the value of this object will be unique in the agent's administrative domain. For example, it may be the IP address of the SNMP entity, or the MAC address of one of the interfaces, with each address suitably padded with random octets. If multiple methods are defined, then it is recommended that the first octet indicate the method being used and the remaining octets be a function of the method.The first four octets are set to the binary equivalent of the agent's SNMP management private enterprise number as assigned by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA). For example, if Acme Networks has been assigned { enterprises 696 }, the first four octets would be assigned '000002b8'H.The very first bit is set to 1. For example, the above value for Acme Networks now changes to be '800002b8'H.The fifth octet indicates how the rest (6th and following octets) are formatted. The values for the fifth octet are:2 - IPv6 address (16 octets) lowest non-special IP address3 - MAC address (6 octets) lowest IEEE MAC address, canonical order4 - Text, administratively assigned Maximum remaining length 275 - Octets, administratively assigned Maximum remaining length 27127-255 - as defined by the enterprise Maximum remaining length 27 " SYNTAX OCTET STRING (SIZE(5..32))SnmpSecurityModel ::= TEXTUAL-CONVENTION STATUS current DESCRIPTION "An identifier that uniquely identifies a securityModel of the Security Subsystem within the SNMP Management Architecture.The values for securityModel are allocated as follows:- The zero value is reserved. - Values between 1 and 255, inclusive, are reserved for standards-track Security Models and are managed by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA). - Values greater than 255 are allocated to enterprise-specific Security Models. An enterprise-specific securityModel value is defined to be:enterpriseID * 256 + security model within enterpriseFor example, the fourth Security Model defined by the enterprise whose enterpriseID is 1 would be 260.This scheme for allocation of securityModel values allows for a maximum of 255 standards- based Security Models, and for a maximum of 255 Security Models per enterprise.It is believed that the assignment of new securityModel values will be rare in practice because the larger the number of simultaneously utilized Security Models, the larger the chance that interoperability will suffer. Consequently, it is believed that such a range will be sufficient. In the unlikely event that the standards committee finds this number to be insufficient over time, an enterprise number can be allocated to obtain an additional 255 possible values.Note that the most significant bit must be zero; hence, there are 23 bits allocated for various organizations to design and define non-standard securityModels. This limits the ability to define new proprietary implementations of Security Models to the first 8,388,608 enterprises.- It is worthwhile to note that, in its encoded form, the securityModel value will normally require only a single byte since, in practice, the leftmost bits will be zero for most messages and sign extension is suppressed by the encoding rules.
As of this writing, there are several values of securityModel defined for use with SNMP or reserved for use with supporting MIB objects. They are as follows:0 reserved for 'any' 1 reserved for SNMPv1 2 reserved for SNMPv2c 3 User-Based Security Model (USM) " SYNTAX INTEGER(0 .. 2147483647)SnmpMessageProcessingModel ::= TEXTUAL-CONVENTION STATUS current DESCRIPTION "An identifier that uniquely identifies a Message Processing Model of the Message Processing Subsystem within a SNMP Management Architecture.The values for messageProcessingModel are allocated as follows:- Values between 0 and 255, inclusive, are reserved for standards-track Message Processing Models and are managed by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA).- Values greater than 255 are allocated to enterprise-specific Message Processing Models. An enterprise messageProcessingModel value is defined to be:enterpriseID * 256 + messageProcessingModel within enterpriseFor example, the fourth Message Processing Model defined by the enterprise whose enterpriseID is 1 would be 260.This scheme for allocating messageProcessingModel values allows for a maximum of 255 standards- based Message Processing Models, and for a maximum of 255 Message Processing Models per enterprise.It is believed that the assignment of new messageProcessingModel values will be rare in practice because the larger the number of simultaneously utilized Message Processing Models, the larger the chance that interoperability will suffer. It is believed that such a range will be sufficient. In the unlikely event that the standards committee finds this number to be insufficient over time, an enterprise number can be allocated to obtain an additional 256 possible values.Note that the most significant bit must be zero; hence, there are 23 bits allocated for various organizations to design and define non-standard messageProcessingModels. This limits the ability to define new proprietary implementations of Message Processing Models to the first 8,388,608 enterprises.- It is worthwhile to note that, in its encoded form, the messageProcessingModel value will
normally require only a single byte since, in practice, the leftmost bits will be zero for most messages and sign extension is suppressed by the encoding rules.As of this writing, there are several values of messageProcessingModel defined for use with SNMP. They are as follows:0 reserved for SNMPv1 1 reserved for SNMPv2c 2 reserved for SNMPv2u and SNMPv2* 3 reserved for SNMPv3 " SYNTAX INTEGER(0 .. 2147483647)SnmpSecurityLevel ::= TEXTUAL-CONVENTION STATUS current DESCRIPTION "A Level of Security at which SNMP messages can be sent or with which operations are being processed; in particular, one of:noAuthNoPriv - without authentication and without privacy, authNoPriv - with authentication but without privacy, authPriv - with authentication and with privacy.These three values are ordered such that noAuthNoPriv is less than authNoPriv and authNoPriv is less than authPriv. " SYNTAX INTEGER { noAuthNoPriv(1), authNoPriv(2), authPriv(3) }SnmpAdminString ::= TEXTUAL-CONVENTION DISPLAY-HINT "255a" STATUS current DESCRIPTION "An octet string containing administrative information, preferably in human-readable form.To facilitate internationalization, this information is represented using the ISO/IEC IS 10646-1 character set, encoded as an octet string using the UTF-8 transformation formatSince additional code points are added by amendments to the 10646 standard from time to time, implementations must be prepared to encounter any code point from 0x00000000 to 0x7fffffff. Byte sequences that do not correspond to the valid UTF-8 encoding of a code point or are outside this range are prohibited.When it is necessary to represent a newline, the control code sequence CR LF should be used.The use of leading or trailing white space should be avoided.For code points not directly supported by user interface hardware or software, an alternative means of entry and display, such as hexadecimal, may be provided.For information encoded in 7-bit US-ASCII, the UTF-8 encoding is identical to the US-ASCII encoding.UTF-8 may require multiple bytes to represent a single character / code point; thus the length of this object in octets may be different from the number of characters encoded. Similarly, size constraints refer to the number of encoded octets, not the number of characters represented by an encoding.Note that when this TC is used for an object that is used or envisioned to be used as an index, then a SIZE restriction MUST be specified so that the number of sub-identifiers for any object instance does not exceed the limit of 128, as defined by [RFC1905].- -- Administrative assignments ***************************************
Note that the size of an SnmpAdminString object is measured in octets, not characters. " SYNTAX OCTET STRING (SIZE (0..255))snmpFrameworkAdmin OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { snmpFrameworkMIB 1 } snmpFrameworkMIBObjects OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { snmpFrameworkMIB 2 } snmpFrameworkMIBConformance OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { snmpFrameworkMIB 3 }-- the snmpEngine Group ********************************************
snmpEngine OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { snmpFrameworkMIBObjects 1 }
snmpEngineID OBJECT-TYPE SYNTAX SnmpEngineID MAX-ACCESS read-only STATUS current DESCRIPTION "An SNMP engine's administratively-unique identifier. " ::= { snmpEngine 1 }snmpEngineBoots OBJECT-TYPE SYNTAX INTEGER (1..2147483647) MAX-ACCESS read-only STATUS current DESCRIPTION "The number of times that the SNMP engine has (re-)initialized itself since snmpEngineID was last configured. " ::= { snmpEngine 2 }snmpEngineTime OBJECT-TYPE SYNTAX INTEGER (0..2147483647) UNITS "seconds" MAX-ACCESS read-only STATUS current DESCRIPTION "The number of seconds since the value of the snmpEngineBoots object last changed. When incrementing this object's value would cause it to exceed its maximum, snmpEngineBoots is incremented as if a re-initialization had occurred, and this object's value consequently reverts to zero. " ::= { snmpEngine 3 }snmpEngineMaxMessageSize OBJECT-TYPE SYNTAX INTEGER (484..2147483647)MAX-ACCESS read-only STATUS current DESCRIPTION "The maximum length in octets of an SNMP message which this SNMP engine can send or receive and process, determined as the minimum of the maximum message size values supported among all of the transports available to and supported by the engine. " ::= { snmpEngine 4 }-- Registration Points for Authentication and Privacy Protocols **
snmpAuthProtocols OBJECT-IDENTITY STATUS current DESCRIPTION "Registration point for standards-track authentication protocols used in SNMP Management Frameworks. " ::= { snmpFrameworkAdmin 1 }snmpPrivProtocols OBJECT-IDENTITY STATUS current DESCRIPTION "Registration point for standards-track privacy protocols used in SNMP Management Frameworks. " ::= { snmpFrameworkAdmin 2 }-- Conformance information ******************************************
snmpFrameworkMIBCompliances OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= {snmpFrameworkMIBConformance 1} snmpFrameworkMIBGroups OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= {snmpFrameworkMIBConformance 2}snmpFrameworkMIBCompliance MODULE-COMPLIANCE STATUS current DESCRIPTION "The compliance statement for SNMP engines which implement the SNMP Management Framework MIB. " MODULE -- this module MANDATORY-GROUPS { snmpEngineGroup }::= { snmpFrameworkMIBCompliances 1 }snmpEngineGroup OBJECT-GROUP OBJECTS { snmpEngineID, snmpEngineBoots, snmpEngineTime, snmpEngineMaxMessageSize } STATUS current DESCRIPTION "A collection of objects for identifying and determining the configuration and current timeliness values of an SNMP engine. " ::= { snmpFrameworkMIBGroups 1 }- 6. IANA Considerations
- This document defines three number spaces administered by IANA, one for security models, another for message processing models, and a third for SnmpEngineID formats.
- 6.1. Security Models </